Article: According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the outlook for employment for Computer Programmers is expected to grow with other industries through 2012. Positions for Applications Programmers and Systems Programmers will be abundant in consulting businesses, data processing firms and software houses.

Roles and Responsibilities :

The primary role of a Computer Programmer is to write programs according to the instructions determined primarily by computer software engineers and systems analysts. In a nutshell, Computer Programmers are the ones that take the completed designs and convert them into the instructions that the computer can actually follow. The instructions are coded into a programming language. In some cases, programmers are also expected to know platform specific languages used in database programming. Many programmers at the enterprise level are also expected to know platform-specific languages used in database programming. Responsibilities include updating; repairing, modifying and expanding existing programs as well as running tests to authenticate that the program will produce the desired outcome.

Applications Programmers are the ones that actually write programs to handle very specific jobs, revise existing software or customize generic applications while Systems Programmers write programs to maintain and control computer systems software such as operating systems, database and/or networked systems. In some smaller organizations, the programmers may also be responsible for systems analysis and the actual programming. In many cases, however, technology is replacing the need to write basic code which doesn't bode well for those considering entering the field. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, however, the "demand for programmers with strong object-oriented programming capabilities and technical specialization in areas such as client/server programming, wireless applications, multimedia technology, and graphic user interface (GUI) should arise from the expansion of intranets, extranets, and Internet applications. Programmers also will be needed to create and maintain expert systems and embed these technologies in more products. Finally, growing emphasis on cyber-security will lead to increased demand for programmers who are familiar with digital security issues and skilled in using appropriate security technology."

Advancement Opportunities :

The advancement opportunities for computer Programmers are many and usually start with a promotion to a Lead Programmer. A Lead Programmer position will more than likely include supervisory duties. System programming is usually the next career step for Computer Programmers who have completed systems software courses. Programmer Analysts and Systems Analysts are also logical steps. Many programmers are also finding that independent contracting and consulting gives them the freedom to pick and choose their projects.

Advancement Opportunities :

The advancement opportunities for computer Programmers are many and usually start with a promotion to a Lead Programmer. A Lead Programmer position will more than likely include supervisory duties. System programming is usually the next career step for Computer Programmers who have completed systems software courses. Programmer Analysts and Systems Analysts are also logical steps. Many programmers are also finding that independent contracting and consulting gives them the freedom to pick and choose their projects.

Educational Requirements :

Although required skills and training will vary dependent upon the position and industry in which you're working, the demand for skill sets is even more driven by technological changes. In some positions, graduate degrees may be required. While traditional language knowledge is still important, C++ and Java are the programming languages of choice. GUI and systems programming skills are also sought after. In addition, general business skills will be an asset in any organization. Systems programmers usually need a 4-year degree in computer science and extensive knowledge of a variety of operating systems. They are usually also expected to be proficient in database systems such as DB2, Sybase and/or Oracle.

Salary Potential : (As reported by the U.S. Dept. of Labor)

Position Salary Range (2003)

Median Average Earnings $60.290

Starting salary for graduates with B.A. in Computer Programming $45,558

Salary range for Applications Development Programmers $51,500 - $80,500

Salary range for Software Developers $55,000 - $87,750

Salary range for Mainframe Programmers $53,250 - $68,750

Industry Certifications :

Computer programmers have a variety of options when it comes to adding certifications to their resumes. It is strongly recommended that potential candidates attain Language certifications as well as vendor or software specific certifications.

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